Throughout the 20th century, it was widely accepted that a light microscope relying on propagating light waves and conventional optical lenses could not discern details that were much finer than about half the wavelength of light, or 200-400 nm, due to diffraction.
Stefan Hell and his team have shattered what was regarded an absolute limit of microscopic resolution. For his development of STED (STimulated Emission Depletion) microscopy, the first light-focusing microscope with a resolution at the nanoscale, Stefan Hell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014.
Recently, a fresh look at the basic physical principles underlying nanoscopy has spawned powerful new concepts. In particular, MINFLUX imaging (nanoscopy with MINimal photon FLUXes) has been pioneered in the Hell Labs, obtaining the ultimate (super)resolution: the size of a molecule (~1 nm). At present, MINFLUX and related concepts are explored to create unprecedented measurement capabilities for the life sciences and beyond.
Stefan Hell is a director at both the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany.
He is credited with having conceived, validated and applied the first viable concept for overcoming Abbe’s diffraction-limited resolution barrier in a light-focusing fluorescence microscope. For this accomplishment he has received numerous awards, including the 2014 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Stefan Hell received his doctorate (1990) in physics from the University of Heidelberg. From 1991 to 1993 he worked at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, followed by stays as a senior researcher at the University of Turku, Finland, between 1993 and 1996, and as a visiting scientist at the University of Oxford, England, in 1994. In 1997 he was appointed to the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry (named Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences since 2022) in Göttingen as a group leader, and was promoted to director in 2002. From 2003 to 2017 he also led a research group at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). Hell holds honorary professorships in physics at the Universities of Heidelberg and Göttingen.
Stefan Hell’s Autobiography at nobelprize.org | Stefan Hell’s Nobel Lecture (Video)
Schleske, J. M. , J. Hubrich, J. O. Wirth, E. D'Este, J. Engelhardt, S. W. Hell (2024): "MINFLUX reveals dynein stepping in live neurons". PNAS , in early view. view
Bredfeldt, J.-E. , J. Orcaz, Kiszka, K. A., Moosmayer, T., Weber, M., Sahl, S. J., Hell, S. W. (2024): "Bleaching protection and axial sectioning in fluorescence nanoscopy through twophoton activation at 515nm". nature communications 15:7472, view first published in Open Access
Khan, T. A. , S. Stoldt, M. L. Bossi, V. N. Belov, S. W. Hell (2024): "β-Galactosidase- and Photo-Activatable Fluorescent Probes for Protein Labeling and Super-Resolution STED Microscopy in Living Cells". molecules 29, view
Rickert, J. D. , M. O. Held, J. Engelhardt, S. W. Hell (2024): "4Pi MINFLUX arrangement maximizes spatio-temporal localization precision of fluorescence emitter". PNAS , in early view. view
Knorr, G. , M. L. Bossi, A. N. Butkevich, S. W. Hell (2024): "Synthesis of Thioxanthone 10,10-Dioxides and Sulfone-Fluoresceins via Pd-Catalyzed Sulfonylative Homocoupling". Organic Letters 26, 945 - 949 view
Scheiderer, L. , H. von der Emde, M. Hesselink, M. Weber, S.W. Hell (2024): "MINSTED tracking of single biomolecules". Nature methods , view
Remmel, M. , J. Matthias, R. Lincoln, J. Keller-Findeisen, A. N. Butkevich, M. L. Bossi, S. W. Hell (2024): "Photoactivatable Xanthone (PaX) Dyes Enable Quantitative,Dual Color, and Live-Cell MINFLUX Nanoscopy". small methods , in early view. view first published in Open Access
Wirth, J. O. , E.-M. Schenterra, L. Scheiderer, V. Macarrón-Palacios, M. Tarnawski & S. W. Hell (2024): "Uncovering kinesin dyamics in neurites with MINFLUX". communications biology , in early view. view
Wolff, J. O. , L. Scheiderer, T. Engelhardt, J. Engehlardt, J. Matthias, S.W. Hell (2023): "MINLUX dissects the unimpeded walking of kinesin-1". Science 379, 1004-1010 https://www.science.org/stoken/author-tokens/ST-1071/full view first published in BioArxiv
Kim, D. , S. Stoldt, M. Weber, S. Jakobs, V. N. Belov, S. W. Hell (2023): "A Bright Surprise: Live-Cell Labeling with Negatively Charged Fluorescent Probes based on Disulfonated Rhodamines and HaloTag". Chemistry Methods , in early view. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cmtd.202200076 view
Aktalay, A. , T. A. Khan, M. L. Bossi, V. N. Belov, S. W. Hell (2023): "Photoactivatable Carbo- and Silicon-Rhodamines and Their Application in MINFLUX Nanoscopy". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , in early view. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202302781 view
Bredfeldt, J.-E. , J. Orcaz, Kiszka, K. A., Moosmayer, T., Weber, M., Sahl, S. J., Hell, S. W. (2024): "Bleaching protection and axial sectioning in fluorescence nanoscopy through twophoton activation at 515nm". nature communications 15:7472, view first published in Open Access
Rickert, J. D. , M. O. Held, J. Engelhardt, S. W. Hell (2024): "4Pi MINFLUX arrangement maximizes spatio-temporal localization precision of fluorescence emitter". PNAS , in early view. view
Weber, M. , M. Leutenegger, S. Stoldt, S. Jakobs, T. S. Mihaila, A. N. Butkevich, S. W. Hell (2021): "MINSTED fluorescence localization and nanoscopy". Nature Photonics 15, 361-366 Additionally published in bioRxiv view
Gwosch, K. C. , J. K. Pape, F. Balzarotti, P. Hoess, J. Ellenberg, J. Ries, S. W. Hell (2020): "MINFLUX nanoscopy delivers 3D multicolor nanometer resolution in cells". Nature Meth. 17, 217-224 view
Eilers, Y. , H. Ta, K. C. Gwosch, F. Balzarotti, S. W. Hell (2018): "MINFLUX monitors rapid molecular jumps with superior spatiotemporal resolution". PNAS 115, 6117-6122 view
Balzarotti, F. , Y. Eilers, K. C. Gwosch, A. H. Gynna, V. Westphal, F. D. Stefani, J. Elf, S. W. Hell (2017): "Nanometer resolution imaging and tracking of fluorescent molecules with minimal photon fluxes". Science 355, 606-612 view
Berning, S. , K. I. Willig, H. Steffens, P. Dibaj, S. W. Hell (2012): "Nanoscopy in a Living Mouse Brain". Science 335, 551 view
Grotjohann, T. , I. Testa, M. Leutenegger, H. Bock, N. T. Urban, F. Lavoie-Cardinal, K. I. Willig, C. Eggeling, S. Jakobs, S. W. Hell (2011): "Diffraction-unlimited all-optical imaging and writing with a photochromic GFP". Nature 478, 204 - 208 view
Hell, S. W. (2007): "Far-Field Optical Nanoscopy". Science 316, 1153-1158 view
Willig, K. I. , S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, S. W. Hell (2006): "STED-microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis". Nature 440, 935-939 view
Westphal, V. , S. W. Hell (2005): "Nanoscale Resolution in the Focal Plane of an Optical Microscope". Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 143903 (4 pp.) view
Klar, T. A. , S. Jakobs, M. Dyba, A. Egner, S. W. Hell (2000): "Fluorescence microscopy with diffraction resolution limit broken by stimulated emission". PNAS 97, 8206-8210 Abstract view
Hell, S. W. , J. Wichmann (1994): "Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy". Opt. Lett. 19, 780-782 view